By now you should have realized that SharePoint is a fantastic presentation layer for many other applications. In fact, lots of vendors have written add-ins or components that allow you to surface that line of business application into SharePoint. However, the only real component within SharePoint On-premises for consuming data is Business Data Connectivity services, which works but does not always meet the needs. Outside of that you have the Business Intelligence components within SharePoint such as PerformancePoint that allows you to surface data.